You will listen to three different communications between pilots and air traffic Controllers. The recordings will be played twice. there is a five-second pause before the recording is repeated. After listening to the recording, you should tell everything that the pilot and the controller said.

Now tell me, in your own words, everything that the pilot and the controller said.

How are the pilots trained to deal with situations of pilot incapacitation?

Now tell me, in your own words, everything that the pilot and the controller said.

What are the pilots actions if a bird ingestion happens during the initial climb?

Now tell me, in your own words, everything that the pilot and the controller said.

How do differences regarding instruments affect the communication between pilots and ATC?

Now, considering the three situations you have heard in part three:
How would you compare them? You may want to compare them in terms of severity, possible solutions and ways of prevention. Which one do you think is the most difficult to deal with? Why?

To begin with, the situation number 3, ALTIMETER DISAGREEMENT is the easiest situation in my opinion, because the pilots can cross-check the information and also can get information from the controllers and if necessary vectors to land safely.
To avoid it, the best thing to be done is to provide regular preventive maintenance.

The first situation, pilot incapacitation is harder than situation number 3, because all the workload relies on the first officer and regardless if he is ready to face an emergency like this, there is a high stress and some risks offered by the situation.
It’s difficult to recommend something to be done to avoid pilot’s incapacitation because the pilots take medical exams regularly to check their health conditions for flying.
It is something that can happen at any time and first officers must always be prepared and qualified to face a situation like this.

And finally, Situation number 2, Bird ingestion during takeoff, is the most difficult situation because losing one engine during this phase of the flight may be very dangerous specially before V2 speed.
The aircraft may have trouble to climb to a safe altitude and return to the airport, and pilots face a heavy workload to deal with the situation.
To avoid it, I suggest the airports to take steps to avoid birds on the vicinities of the runway like keeping the airport’s area clean of everything that may attract the birds.